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''La Verdadera Destreza'' is an Iberian system of fencing. The word "destreza" literally means "skill." However, the full name is perhaps best translated as "the true art." While ''Destreza'' is primarily a system of swordsmanship, it is intended to be a universal method of fighting applicable to all weapons. This includes sword and dagger; sword and cloak; sword and buckler; sword and rotella; the late-renaissance two-handed montante; the flail; and polearms such as the pike and halberd. Its precepts are based on reason, geometry, and incorporate various other aspects of a well-rounded Renaissance humanist education, with a special focus on the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle, Euclid, and Plato. Authors on ''Destreza'' also paid great attention to what modern martial artists would call biomechanics. The tradition is documented in scores of fencing manuals, but centers on the works of two primary authors, don Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza and his follower, don Luis Pacheco de Narváez. The system of combat is tied to an intellectual, philosophical, and moral ideal. ==History and Development== The origins of this system of swordsmanship date as far back as 1569, when Jerónimo Carranza began reducing it to writing. There is some evidence indicating that the sixteenth-century fencing theorist Camillo Agrippa's work was the inspiration for the Carranza's work. Pacheco makes the claim that Carranza based his text on the work of Camillo Agrippa in a letter to the Duke of Cea in Madrid on May 4, 1618. This claim is reinforced by a common use of geometry and circular movement in both systems. Whatever its inspiration, Carranza's work represents a break from an older tradition of fencing, the so-called ''esgrima vulgar'' or ''esgrima común'' (vulgar or common fencing). That older tradition, with roots in medieval times, was represented by the works of authors such as Jaime Pons (1474), Pedro de la Torre (1474) and Francisco Román (1532). Writers on Destreza took great care to distinguish their "true art" from the "vulgar" or "common" fencing. The older school continued to exist alongside la verdadera destreza, but was increasingly influenced by its forms and concepts. After Carranza laid the groundwork for the school with his seminal work (published 1582), Pacheco de Narváez continued with a series of other books which expanded upon Carranza's concepts. While Pacheco originally clung closely to Carranza's precepts, he gradually diverged from them in significant respects. This divergence eventually caused a split between followers of Carranza (''Carrancistas'') and those of Pacheco (''Pachequistas''), essentially resulting in the existence of three different schools of fence in Iberia. These new fencing methods quickly spread to the New World. Originally, this was the ''esgrima común'', but eventually included ''Destreza'' as well. Carranza himself was governor of Honduras for a time. ''Destreza'' authors and masters can be documented in Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and the Philippines. Some degree of influence on the Philippine martial arts is highly likely, although this is an area that requires further research. Over time, Iberian fencing came to be increasingly influenced by Italian and French fencing methods. Pressure became particularly intense in the 18th century, and ''Destreza'' began a decline in popularity in favour of the dominant French school. This resulted in technical changes which become increasingly apparent by the beginning of the 18th century. By the 19th century, fencing texts in the Iberian Peninsula begin to mix ''Destreza'' concepts with ideas and technique drawn from French and Italian methodology. While ''Destreza'' underwent a kind of revival in the late 19th century, it appears to have largely disappeared by the beginning of the 20th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Destreza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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